Approaches to minimizing environmental risks in the implementation of large infrastructure projects

The article discusses contemporary approaches to minimizing environmental risks arising from the implementation of large infrastructure projects in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, tightening environmental standards and the need for complying with the principles of sustainable development. The authors analyze key environmental risk management practices, including ESG strategies, application of Best Available Technologies (BAT), Project Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and integration of environmental measures at all stages of design and construction. Particular attention is given to regulatory and legal regulation issues, in particular the lack of a clear definition and classification of environmental risks in the Russian legislation, which complicates their systemic management. The adapted international practices such as the IRIIS system, which combines global sustainability standards with national specifics, are being investigated. The technological innovations are being considered, including digitalization of environmental controls and implementation of negative emission solutions (DAC, BECCS). Development prospects are linked to further integration of green technologies, improving life cycle assessment methods and strengthening international cooperation on the basis of the new geopolitical reality. The findings of the study can be used to develop effective mechanisms to reduce the negative impact of infrastructure projects on the environment. 

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