Cluster initiatives as a tool for the development of innovative entrepreneurship

Abstract

Innovations are a key resource for development, contributing to the evolution of the product line, progress in production, logistics and management processes. Since expenses on innovations and re-search and development create a basis of the innovation process, there are two ways to accelerate technological development: increasing the level of expenses and increasing their efficiency. Based on this simple conclusion, we can formulate two ways of state management of technical progress: stimulating innovation expenses by companies using various methods or creating conditions for increasing the efficiency of innovation processes. The first solution seems to be an extensive path of development and is limited by budget capabilities. In addition, budget innovations are not always conditioned by their real usefulness for organizations, which negatively affects the overall efficiency of the process as a whole. The second way - creating favorable conditions for increasing the effectiveness of the innovation process for enterprises - seems to be a more rational solution. In this context, cooperation and integration are seen as the main factors due to which it is possible to increase the productivity of innovations in the business environment. At this stage of the evolutionary development of the economy, the most effective solution in world practice is the creation of clusters of innovative direction, for the participants of which the effectiveness of innovations increases due to the mutual proximity of their sources, internal connectivity within the cluster and the joint use of investments and R&D. In the context of the current study, an analysis of the development of cluster initiatives in Russia was conducted, an assessment of the dynamics and the current stage was given using the example of changes in the amount of R&D expenses for the participants of these integration associations. It was found that at present, expenses on scientific research activities among the participants of industrial clusters are decreasing, which is the reason for the low level of organizational interaction and the small size of the clusters themselves.