The article presents the results of studying the concept of "complementarity" as applied to educational services and the possibilities of their provision. With regard to graduates of vocational educational institutions, the change in the strength of the impact of the complementarity of the education received and work experience on the assessment of work by employers over time is shown. It is revealed that the signaling effect of having a vocational education is most pronounced in the early stages of a working career, weakening subsequently. Consideration of the complementarity of traditional education and online learning made it possible to establish the need and possibility of their joint mutually beneficial development. Along with the new positive opportunities opening up for the Russian education sector, the macroeconomic condition for the practical implementation of the described scenario for its further growth is indicated.

In the Russian practice of state regulation, institutions of involving economic agents in assessing the effectiveness of policies, analyzing and adjusting the regulatory environment are taking root. However, low efficiency of such tools for the purpose of reducing administrative costs and weak involvement of stakeholders in public management processes are noted. This actualizes the need to model public discussion procedures with the development of approaches to improving communications between government and business. The purpose of the article is to build a model of public consultations that provides the ability to adjust individual parameters in the practice of public administration to improve the efficiency of assessing the regulatory impact as an institution for making collective management decisions. The key research methods are institutional analysis, game-theoretic approach, and sociological survey. The features of domestic institutions for making collective decisions in public administration are analyzed. Based on game theory, a model of public consultations on draft legal acts with the civil community is built. In the game matrix, gains are presented as the difference between direct benefits and costs, taking into account lost opportunities for two players – the state and the entrepreneur (association). A condition has been found under which partnership relations are an equilibrium in dominant strategies for both parties. The results are supplemented by data from a survey of civil servants and entrepreneurs regarding their ideas about the institution of assessing legal acts. The author's developments provide the possibility of adjusting individual parameters in public administration practice to improve the effectiveness of assessing regulatory impact as an institution for making collective management decisions.

The article presents some aspects of import substitution development, such as direct indicators of this process, indicators characterizing the intensity and efficiency of investment for import substitution purposes, indirect indicators reflecting current and prospective opportunities for maximizing import substitution processes. The main special institutions influencing the activation and ensuring the efficiency of import substitution are identified, a classification of import substitution types in the modern economy is presented. Foreign experience is considered and ways for Russia and the Samara region are proposed.

The article considers the main features of the study of the problems of intellectual capital development within the framework of late neoclassical economic theory, institutionalism and neoinstitutionalism paradigms, and the post-neoclassical direction of economic thought. The specifics of the influence of basic socio-economic institutions on the formation and development of intellectual capital are highlighted. The features of the key methods of formation and development of intellectual capital, which are relatively widely used in modern foreign economic practice, are noted: the use of distance learning systems (e-learning), training individuals in entrepreneurial skills, the use of and participation in the improvement of intangible assets, the creation and provision of effective functioning of quality circles at enterprises, the organization of intrapreneurship (intra-firm entrepreneurship). The main advantages and limitations of the potential use of these methods are indicated.

The work presents the main principles and areas of interaction between the logistics of international multimodal transportation and other basic types of logistics, such as production logistics, military logistics, logistics of social organizations, logistics of innovative infrastructure facilities of the economy. The key potential contradictions between these areas of logistics activity are highlighted. The risks of the activities of companies in the field of international multimodal transportation are systematized, including several groups: risks of using individual modes of transport; modified for the sub-sector of international multimodal transportation; general risks of entrepreneurial activity (operational, financial, commercial, personnel, digitalization risk); specific risks for this area of international contracts, including those associated with the complexity of determining the optimal route for transporting goods through several countries, the increased complexity of multi-stage international transport management, additional risks of bad faith fulfillment of obligations by foreign partners.

The article analyzes the behavioral models of the volunteer community, as well as state regulation of the volunteer movement in Russia. The psychological and economic factors of volunteer behavior are studied, based on the generalization of which the prerequisites for creating an economic and mathematical model are formed. The factor of psychological inclination of individuals to volunteer activity is identified, for the characterization of which the concept of inclination to altruism or altruism is introduced. The structure of an economic and mathematical model of volunteer behavior is proposed, integrating altruism and material interest of individuals, which makes it possible to assess the interconnected influence of psychological and material incentives on volunteer activity. The information base of the study was the distribution of the structure of volunteer time aggregated by Rosstat for four reporting periods (2016, 2018, 2020, 2022). As a basic research method, the method of modeling the incentive function was used, the assessment of the coefficients of which makes it possible to calculate the estimate of the incentive fund aimed at encouraging individuals to volunteer activity. A procedure for determining the coefficients of the incentive function has been developed, based on the hypotheses of individual rational behavior and the decreasing nature of the analyzed function. Numerical experiments have been conducted that model the stimulation of volunteer activity in the conditions of Russian society based on volunteer statistics in 2016–2022. Within the framework of the modeling, the coefficients of the incentive function have been determined and the possible volumes of the incentive fund that generate the corresponding volunteer actions have been calculated. As a result, trends in changes in volunteer activity have been identified, and conclusions have been made about the specifics of these processes in the Russian Federation.

The article analyzes the sustainability of the operation and development of the heat and power complex of Russia. The analysis of the structure of heat production by fuel types, the length of sections of main heating networks, the dynamics of the specific consumption of fuel and energy resources, the dynamics of the installed capacity utilization factor, the length and share of heating and steam networks in need of replacement is carried out. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that about 50% of heating main networks in 2022 had been in operation for 30 years or more. It was found that over 30% of all heating networks need to be replaced. It was determined that the production capacities of thermal power plants and boiler houses are loaded in the average annual period by no more than 25%, which indicates the impossibility of fully using the installed capacity and thereby ensuring the necessary revenue from the sale of heat and steam. The relationship between challenges, trends and patterns in the heat and power complex of the Russian Federation is presented. Scientific and practical recommendations are given that allow for the implementation of systemic changes in thermal power engineering during the period of absence of large financial receipts in order to achieve sustainable operation and development.

The assessment of the current state and forecast of the use of mineral resources are among the basic elements of planning in the field of subsoil use. At the same time, if the assessment of the state of mineral resources is generally a well-studied task, then when working with the assessment of forecast resources, it is necessary to involve experts. The peculiarity of using expert assessments is a fairly high level of their differentiation in individual cases. Accordingly, there is a need, on the one hand, to create an information system that could accumulate assessments and develop general recommendations based on expert opinions, and on the other hand, to develop a methodology that allows accumulating expert assessments based on general criteria. It is worth noting that the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic has been used for a long time to solve such problems. At the same time, it should be emphasized that in relation to the geological subject area and in particular for the expert assessment of the state of forecast resources, the use of fuzzy logic remains insufficiently studied. In this paper, an attempt is made to build a methodological chain from the formation of an ontological model of the system of economic assessment of forecast resources to the accumulation of estimates in fuzzy sets with the output of a consolidated result. The study is carried out on the example of forecast resources of solid minerals, including those common in the Bryansk region. 

The high level of interregional stratification of investment activity requires the development of solutions to reduce the differentiation of regions, since the investment component is an important factor in economic development and directly affects the economic potential, both now and in the long term. In recent years, a set of tools has been developed that are mainly focused on organizational, familiarization, information and infrastructure methods for increasing the investment attractiveness of regions. In our work, we tried to analyze the main factors influencing the investment indicators of regions, including in the analysis not only the most obvious economic indicators, but also information on infrastructure construction and assessment of regions for the implementation of the regional investment standard. Of course, it is still too early to summarize such innovations as the infrastructure menu or the regional investment standard, but we considered it necessary to draw some intermediate results on the compliance of these indicators with the volumes of investment activity in the regions. To combine the listed heterogeneous factors into a single whole, the cluster method was used in the work, which made it possible to group the regions by a set of various indicators affecting investment indicators. All indicators are calculated per capita in order to avoid errors associated with significant differences in the population of the regions. Regression and cluster analysis made it possible to establish that, in general, investments depend on the level of industrial production. Industrial production has a direct impact on GRP and population income, forming a demand and creating opportunities for further investment in production, infrastructure, as well as in housing construction - due to the growth of population income. The highest indicators are distinguished by 10 leading regions, among which are mainly economically developed regions with an expanded extractive export-oriented industry, as well as the capital region. Therefore, the most expedient and effective way to improve investment indicators will be to promote the industrial development of each region. In our opinion, the mechanisms for stimulating investment activity should ultimately take this circumstance into account.

The objective of this study is to identify spatial features of the region's transport infrastructure provision in the current context of reorientation to East Asian markets. The set objective required solving a number of tasks: conducting a retrospective analysis of the transport network development by length, density, structure of transported cargo, and road surface condition; compiling a list of indicators and conducting a cluster analysis to identify the relationship between the state of the transport infrastructure and the implementation of the region's export potential; conducting a cluster analysis based on the criteria of "industry – transport – trade" and identifying groups of regions with similar characteristics. It was revealed that the infrastructure factor is of decisive importance for the global competitiveness of the region in the system of criteria of "industry – transport – trade". Most of the regions form groups of neighbors, which is a consequence of the long-term policy of forming a transport network. In addition, long-term orientation toward Western markets has exacerbated the disproportions and discrepancies between the goals of reorientation to new markets and the current state of transport provision. The regions bordering Kazakhstan (the Samara, Saratov, Orenburg regions, the Altai Krai) are in the most advantageous position. Disproportions in transport provision lead to the fact that many regions will not be able to maintain the level of global competitiveness in the medium term. Developed regions of Western Russia will reduce their level of global competitiveness due to the lack of access to European markets, and the regions of Siberia and the Far East will not be able to increase it quickly enough, since, in addition to other factors, the problem of transport provision has worsened due to the increased load on the main transport arteries. Recommendations are presented for improving the level of balance in transport provision, which will contribute to increasing the level of competitiveness of the regions.

The emergence of the digital currency of the Bank of Russia did not come as a surprise. The regulator announced this project more than four years ago, which was reflected in the report in October 2020. The national digital currency, or digital ruble, supplemented the current forms of money, which were previously represented by two categories - cash and non-cash. The regulator has repeatedly noted the need not only to introduce digital currency, but also to quickly adapt it among the population and businesses. Representatives of the Bank of Russia emphasized that the new form of national currency will both speed up payment turnover and make it simpler and much safer. Many advantages were also announced for businesses, including not only optimization of business processes, but also simplification of interaction with partners, reduction of costs in transactions and acquiring. More than a year ago, the digital ruble was launched into use in test mode, and was also enshrined in law in the relevant regulatory act. In this regard, the authors of this article conducted a study, the purpose of which was to determine the degree of understanding by the population and businesses of the meaning and features of using the digital ruble. The obtained results made it possible to conclude that potential consumers of the introduced national digital currency have rather limited and vague ideas about its potential and possibilities for effective use.